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Gilles Deleuze (; 18 January 1925 – 4 November 1995) was a French philosopher who, from the early 1960s until his death, wrote influentially on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art. His most popular works were the two volumes of ''Capitalism and Schizophrenia'': ''Anti-Oedipus'' (1972) and ''A Thousand Plateaus'' (1980), both co-written with psychoanalyst Félix Guattari. His metaphysical treatise ''Difference and Repetition'' (1968) is considered by many scholars to be his magnum opus.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/deleuze/ ) See also: "''Difference and Repetition'' is definitely the most important work published by Deleuze." (Edouard Morot-Sir, from the back cover of the first edition of the English translation), or James Williams' judgment: "It is nothing less than a revolution in philosophy and stands out as one of the great philosophical works of the twentieth century" (Williams, ''Gilles Deleuze's Difference and Repetition: A Critical Introduction and Guide'' (UP, 2003 ), p. 1).〕 A.W. Moore, after citing Bernard Williams's criteria for qualifying as a great thinker, ranks him among the "greatest philosophers".〔A. W. Moore, ( ''The Evolution of Modern Metaphysics: Making Sense of Things,'' ) Cambridge University Press 2012 p.543.'intellectual power and depth; a grasp of the sciences; a sense of the political, and of human destructiveness as well as creativity; a broad range and a fertile imagination; an unwillingness to settle for the superficially reassuring; and, in an unusually lucky case, the gifts of a great writer.'〕 == Life == Deleuze was born into a middle-class family in Paris and lived there for most of his life. His initial schooling was undertaken during World War II, during which time he attended the Lycée Carnot. He also spent a year in khâgne at the Lycée Henri IV. During the Nazi occupation of France, Deleuze's older brother, Georges, was arrested for his participation in the French Resistance, and died while in transit to a concentration camp.〔François Dosse, ''Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari: Intersecting Lives,'' trans. Deborah Glassman (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010), p. 89.〕 In 1944, Deleuze went to study at the Sorbonne. His teachers there included several noted specialists in the history of philosophy, such as Georges Canguilhem, Jean Hyppolite, Ferdinand Alquié, and Maurice de Gandillac, and Deleuze's lifelong interest in the canonical figures of modern philosophy owed much to these teachers. In addition, Deleuze found the work of Jean-Paul Sartre attractive.〔''Dialogues'', p. 12: "At the Liberation we were still strangely stuck in the history of philosophy. We simply plunged into Hegel, Husserl and Heidegger; we threw ourselves like puppies into a scholasticism worse than that of the Middle Ages. Fortunately there was Sartre. Sartre was our Outside, he was really the breath of fresh air from the backyard."〕 He agrégated in philosophy in 1948. Deleuze taught at various lycées (Amiens, Orléans, Louis le Grand) until 1957, when he took up a position at the Sorbonne. In 1953, he published his first monograph, ''Empiricism and Subjectivity'', on Hume. He married Denise Paul "Fanny" Grandjouan in 1956. From 1960 to 1964 he held a position at the Centre National de Recherche Scientifique. During this time he published the seminal ''Nietzsche and Philosophy'' (1962) and befriended Michel Foucault. From 1964 to 1969 he was a professor at the University of Lyon. In 1968 he published his two dissertations, ''Difference and Repetition'' (supervised by Gandillac) and ''Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza'' (supervised by Alquié). In 1969 he was appointed to the University of Paris VIII at Vincennes/St. Denis, an experimental school organized to implement educational reform. This new university drew a number of talented scholars, including Foucault (who suggested Deleuze's hiring), and the psychoanalyst Félix Guattari. Deleuze taught at Vincennes until his retirement in 1987. Deleuze, who had suffered from respiratory ailments from a young age,〔Francois Dosse, ''Deleuze and Guattari: Intersecting Lives'', trans D. Glassman, CUP 2010, p98〕 developed tuberculosis in 1968 and underwent a thoracoplasty (lung removal).〔Francois Dosse, ''Deleuze and Guattari: Intersecting Lives'', trans D. Glassman, CUP 2010, p178〕 He suffered increasingly severe respiratory symptoms for the rest of his life.〔(Gilles Deleuze et les médecins )〕 In the last years of his life, simple tasks such as handwriting required laborious effort. In 1995, he committed suicide, throwing himself from the window of his apartment.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gilles Deleuze )〕 Prior to his death, Deleuze had announced his intention to write a book entitled ''La Grandeur de Marx'', and left behind two chapters of an unfinished project entitled ''Ensembles and Multiplicities'' (these chapters have been published as the essays "Immanence: A Life" and "The Actual and the Virtual").〔F. Dosse, ''Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari: Intersecting Lives,'' pp. 454-455. "Immanence: A Life" has been translated and published in ''Pure Immanence'' and ''Two Regimes of Madness'', while "The Actual and Virtual" has been translated and published as an appendix to the second edition of ''Dialogues''.〕 He is buried in the cemetery of the village of Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat.〔(Communauté de Communes de Noblat ) 〕 Deleuze himself found little to no interest in the composition of an autobiography. When once asked to talk about his life, he replied: "Academics' lives are seldom interesting."〔''Negotiations'', p. 137.〕 When a critic seized upon Deleuze's unusually long, uncut fingernails as a revealing eccentricity, he replied: "I haven't got the normal protective whorls, so that touching anything, especially fabric, causes such irritation that I need long nails to protect them."〔''Negotiations'', p. 5.〕 Deleuze concludes his reply to this critic thus: :"What do you know about me, given that I believe in secrecy? ... If I stick where I am, if I don't travel around, like anyone else I make my inner journeys that I can only measure by my emotions, and express very obliquely and circuitously in what I write. ... Arguments from one's own privileged experience are bad and reactionary arguments."〔''Negotiations''., pp. 11-12.〕 Like many of his contemporaries, including Sartre and Foucault, Deleuze was an atheist.〔"Deleuze's atheist philosophy of immanence is an artistic (or creative) power at work on theology" (Deleuze and Religion ). Mary Bryden (2002). Routledge, p. 157.〕〔"Deleuze's atheist critique is powerful (...)" (Iconoclastic Theology: Gilles Deleuze and the Secretion of Atheism ). F. LeRon Shults (2014). Edinburgh University Press, p. 103.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gilles Deleuze」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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